<P><EM><STRONG>architectura</STRONG>, Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Baukunst (Journal of the History of Architecture)</EM>, ist eine internationale Zeitschrift mit Aufsätzen – teils in englischer Sprache – zu Themen der Bau- und Architekturgeschichte sowie mit einem regelmäßigen Rezensionsteil. </P> <P>Neben der Historischen Bauforschung widmet sich die Zeitschrift Themen der Bau- und Stadtbaugeschichte sowie der Architekturgeschichte von der Antike bis in die Gegenwart. Die Aufsätze werden durch die Herausgeber und durch unabhängige Berichterstatter (peers) geprüft. </P> <P>Die <EM>architectura</EM> ist im Arts and Humanities Citation Index und im European Reference Index for the Humanities and the Social Sciences gelistet. </P> <P>Die Zeitschrift erscheint zweimal jährlich – seit 2018 bei De Gruyter, zuvor im Deutschen Kunstverlag. </P>

Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Baukunst  /  Journal of the History of Architecture

architectura

Architectura

<article-title>Frontmatter</article-title>

<article-title>Editorial</article-title>

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><p>Bruno Taut’s History, Language and Geography Faculty Building at Ankara University has received little attention in architectural history. As the work of an émigré architect, expelled from Germany in 1933, it is not only a product of Taut’s broader horizons through his experiences as an exile in Japan and Turkey, but also as a result of his confrontation with the modernization process under Atatürk’s new republic. Beyond this, Taut’s Faculty building issues a statement on the state of modern architecture in the late 1930s, where this type of public building was newly discussed in relation to different aspects of national representation, oscillating between dictatorship and democracy. This article explores the various facets that create this outstanding, unconventional and inventive building, as Taut’s major and enduring project during his later years, at the edge of classical modernism.</p></abstract>

Abstract

<article-title>Bruno Taut and the Changed Conception of Modernism on the Eve of World War II</article-title>

Bruno Taut and the Changed Conception of Modernism on the Eve of World War II

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><p>The article discusses the question, if the past as a legitimation for collegiate architecture becomes obsolete after the change from historical styles to modern architecture in 20th century America. On the one hand, the example of Walter Gropius’ Harvard Graduate Center (1948) shows that traditions like the Harvard’s yard are still used on a very abstract level to fit a new building group into the university. On the other hand, the ambition of past decades to define future through architecture or a masterplan seems to be inappropriate after deep changes in society caused by the depression and by World War II later. As a consequence, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe tries to make changes possible for the new Campus of the Illinois Institute of Technology (after 1938): his grid allows to add new building parts easily, and to give them more or less a shape for changing functions.</p></abstract>

<article-title>Verortung in der Zeit</article-title>

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><p>The following article will point out the way in which the roman Città Universitaria (1932 –1935) played a crucial role for the historiography of architecture in Italy. While the debate of the 1930ies was marked by negotiations of a genuine fascist art, essence and appropriate form, important historians and critics of the post-war era were engaged in establishing the master narrative of an ethical and progressive modernity in contrast to a retrograde and reprehensible traditionalism. The endeavor to take the Universities architecture and artwork in for a particular concept of artistic quality exerts a significant influence on todays estimation as well as handling of the building complex. By focusing on the issue of a ›true‹ modernity, architectural historians tend to lose sight of the planning program of the entire building complex, the political content of its spatial organization. Regarding its capacity of embodying ideologies, universities in contrast to government buildings are often underestimated as less telling. The article shows that at least the fascist regime used the university building complex as an important political instrument for performatively actualizing its educational policy, a policy which was indissolubly connected to the idea of forming the fascist ›uomo nuovo‹. Considering its continuous use for educational purposes the author suggests taking account of this aspect when valuing the actual qualities of the Città Universitaria.</p></abstract>

<article-title>»La Sapienza«</article-title>

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><p>Thomas Jefferson coined the image of the academical village for the university-campus. Whereupon the word village can be translated into the German expression ›Dorf‹ (village) as well as ›Gemeinde‹ (community). Thus the place and people, who enliven their surroundings, are an integral part of the campus. This metaphor gathers the cultural imprint of the campus as an ideal environment for learning as well as its incorporated imaginations. This article follows the question, if the buildings of a university can be seen as a result of the social structures of the academical village. Perhaps they were intended from the beginning on as a production of these social configurations. Therefore this paper wants to inquire specifically into the expressiveness of architecture in the specific case of the early Saarbrücken campus planning of the Universität des Saarlandes. The field of tension university shall be approached as a topic between representative institution and architectural manifestation.</p></abstract>

<article-title>Kaserne, Platz und Forum. Manifestationen eines <italic>academical village</italic></article-title>

Kaserne, Platz und Forum. Manifestationen eines 

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><p><italic>As a result of his highly successful publication</italic> Bauentwurfslehre <italic>(1936), Ernst Neufert presented a system of measurement that he claimed had universal validity, his so called octameter system in 1941. Every necessary dimension is expressed as a multiple or a fraction of the basic unit of 12.5 cm. He stated that once the design process, the schedules of rooms and many other parameters would become rational and efficient</italic>.</p><p><italic>Moreover, the question is to what extent the octameter system constitutes a set of rules in the sense of Vitruvian order. Can architecture become legible in the mechanisms of form-making that the system practices? Is the octameter system useful in the communication of meaning or criticism, or is its effectiveness limited to simplifying construction procedures by pursuing standardization and serialization of architectural production?</italic></p><p><italic>Neufert’s system became widely disseminated. The architecture faculty building at the University of Innsbruck is an example: it demonstrates how thoroughly Neufert’s octameter division was applied to the finest detail, as a universal frame of reference. Thereby it becomes clear that Neufert’s norm is indeed in a position to transfer formal origination into the realm of cultural action</italic>.</p></abstract>

Das Thema wurde vom Autor erstmals auf dem 4. Architekturtheoretischen Kolloquium der Stiftung Bibliothek Werner Oechslin, Einsiedeln (16.–19. April 2015) vorgestellt.

<article-title>Neuferts Oktametersystem – eine neue ›Regola‹ im 20. Jahrhundert?</article-title>

Neuferts Oktametersystem – eine neue ›Regola‹ im 20. Jahrhundert?

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><p>To build in human-friendly frame. Architecture and urban concept of the University of Passau</p><p>After 1945 the foundation of new universities in the Federal Republic of Germany consisted of three phases. The university of the independent city of Passau belongs not only to one of the last provisional universities in Bavaria, but also in the old Bonn Republic (commissioning winter semester 1978/1979). Main arguments for this new foundation were among others a tradition several centuries long as a place of education and research (Higher Education Institution of Jesuits 1622, Philosophical-Theological University 1923 –1978), equality of opportunity in the area of education anchored in Bavarian Constitution and the lack of university in the administrative district of Lower Bavaria. The legal anchoring for the location of the University of Passau in 1972 as well as the decision to a combined urban idea- and construction-competition in 1976 paved the way for the progressive realization of a modern campus area which was in spatial and structural connection with the four-wing complex of the former Augustinian Monastery of St. Nikola in west of the historic Old Town. Concerning the architectural and urban design of the new university, Passau, like other German cities, received inspiring ideas both from home and abroad, the model of the campus area being a good example. However, specific solutions related to the regional situation were searched and found in detail. The structural and landscaping design of the university area in Passau can be considered as an outstanding urban project. It’s relevance goes beyond Passau</p></abstract>

<article-title>Bauen im menschenfreundlichen Maßstab</article-title>

<article-title>Monuments vénitiens de la première Renaissance à la lumière des documents</article-title>

Monuments vénitiens de la première Renaissance à la lumière des documents

<article-title><italic>The History of the Theory of Structures. Searching for Equilibrium</italic> (Edition Bautechnikgeschichte/Construction History Series)</article-title>

 (Edition Bautechnikgeschichte/Construction History Series)

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»architectura«, the German-English journal on building research has been published since 1971, edited by Professor Dorothée Sack and Professor Cramer (TU Berlin) since 2003. It focuses on historic and archaeological building research, as well as newer building history and history of architecture, until today.

<P>Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Tragbar<BR><A href="https://www.zikg.eu/personen/ktragbar">Zentralinstitut für Kunstgeschichte</A><BR>Katharina-von-Bora-Straße 10, 80333 München<BR><A href="mailto:k.tragbar@zikg.eu">k.tragbar@zikg.eu</A> </P> <P>Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Schwarting<BR><A href="https://www.htwg-konstanz.de/master/architektur/personen/professoren/professoren/prof-dring-andreas-schwarting/">Hochschule Konstanz</A><BR>Brauneggerstraße 55, D-78462 Konstanz <BR><A href="mailto:andreas.schwarting@htwg-konstanz.de">andreas.schwarting@htwg-konstanz.de</A></P> <P>Prof. Dr. Barry Bergdoll <BR><A href="http://www.columbia.edu/cu/arthistory/faculty/Bergdoll.html">Columbia University, Art History and Archaeology</A><BR>1190 Amsterdam Ave., New York, NY 10027, USA <BR><A href="mailto:bgb1@columbia.edu">bgb1@columbia.edu</A> </P>

<P>Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Tragbar<BR><A href="https://www.zikg.eu/personen/ktragbar">Zentralinstitut für Kunstgeschichte</A><BR>Katharina-von-Bora-Straße 10, 80333 München<BR><A href="mailto:k.tragbar@zikg.eu">k.tragbar@zikg.eu</A> </P> <P><BR>Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Schwarting<BR><A href="https://www.htwg-konstanz.de/master/architektur/personen/professoren/professoren/prof-dring-andreas-schwarting/">Hochschule Konstanz</A><BR>Brauneggerstraße 55, D-78462 Konstanz<BR><A href="mailto:andreas.schwarting@htwg-konstanz.de">andreas.schwarting@htwg-konstanz.de</A> </P> <P></P> <P></P> <P>Prof. Dr. Barry Bergdoll<BR><A href="http://www.columbia.edu/cu/arthistory/faculty/Bergdoll.html">Columbia University, Art History and Archaeology</A><BR>1190 Amsterdam Ave., New York, NY 10027, USA<BR><A href="mailto:bgb1@columbia.edu">bgb1@columbia.edu</A> </P>

Die <EM>architectura</EM> erscheint seit 1971. Von 2003 bis 2014 wurde sie von Dorothée Sack und Johannes Cramer (Technische Universität Berlin) herausgegeben.

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Bruno Taut and the Changed Conception of Modernism on the Eve of World War II

Bernd Nicolai

Aus der Zeitschrift: Architectura

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ATC-2016-2002

Online veröffentlicht:

11 Jul 2019

Zusammenfassung

Weitere Artikel in diesem Heft:

architectura Hefte

Volume 51 (2021)

Volume 50 (2020)

Volume 49 (2019)

Volume 48 (2018)

Volume 47 (2017)

Volume 46 (2016)

Volume 45 (2015)

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